Explore the Wonders of Samarangana Sutradhara: The Ultimate Text on Vastu Shastra
What is Samarangana Sutradhara?
If you are interested in ancient Indian architecture, art, science, and culture, you may have heard of a text called Samarangana Sutradhara. This is an encyclopedic work that covers a wide range of topics related to Vastu, which means dwelling or dwelling place. It was written by King Bhoja, a famous ruler of the Paramara dynasty in the 11th century CE. In this article, we will explore what this text is about, how it was composed, what it teaches us about Indian history and civilization, and how it can be translated and understood in English.
samarangana sutradhara in english pdf
The title Samarangana Sutradhara is a compound word that can be interpreted in different ways. One possible translation is "the stage manager (sütradhãra) of battlefields (samaräñgana)", which suggests that King Bhoja was using this title as an epithet to showcase his military prowess and artistic skill. Another possible translation is "the thread holder (sütradhãra) of dwellings (samaräñgana)", which implies that King Bhoja was presenting himself as a master builder and planner who could create harmonious and beautiful living spaces.
The text consists of 83 chapters that deal with various aspects of Vastu, such as architecture, sculpture, painting, music, dance, drama, astrology, astronomy, mathematics, medicine, etc. It also includes a chapter on flying machines that has attracted a lot of attention and curiosity in recent times. The text is written in Sanskrit verses that are often accompanied by prose commentaries. It draws on various sources and traditions such as Vedas, Puranas, Shilpa Shastras, Natyashastra, etc. It also reflects the personal views and experiences of King Bhoja and his court.
The historical and cultural context of Samarangana Sutradhara
To appreciate the significance and richness of Samarangana Sutradhara, we need to understand the historical and cultural context in which it was written. King Bhoja, the author of the text, was one of the most illustrious rulers of the Paramara dynasty, which ruled over Malwa and parts of Gujarat and Rajasthan from the 9th to the 14th century CE. He ascended the throne around 1010 CE and reigned for about four decades. He was a great conqueror, administrator, patron, scholar, poet, and philosopher. He is credited with expanding his kingdom, building magnificent temples and cities, supporting various arts and sciences, composing numerous works on various subjects, and establishing a reputation as a wise and benevolent king.
The Paramara dynasty was one of the four major Rajput clans that emerged in northern India after the decline of the Gurjara-Pratihara empire. The Paramaras claimed descent from the mythical sage Parashara and the fire god Agni. They were known for their valor, loyalty, piety, and generosity. They were also patrons of learning and culture, and fostered a flourishing intellectual and artistic environment in their realm. Some of the famous scholars and poets who lived under their patronage were Kalhana, Bilhana, Vidyapati, Hemachandra, etc.
The Samarangana Sutradhara reflects the influence of various traditions and schools of thought that shaped Indian culture and civilization. One of the most prominent among them is Vastu Shastra, which is the ancient science of architecture and design. It is based on the principles of harmony, balance, proportion, symmetry, aesthetics, and functionality. It also considers the cosmic forces, natural elements, planetary movements, geographical features, climatic conditions, and human needs that affect the construction and layout of buildings and spaces. Vastu Shastra is part of the larger body of knowledge called Shilpa Shastra, which covers all aspects of art and craft.
The architectural features of Samarangana Sutradhara
One of the main topics that Samarangana Sutradhara deals with is architecture. It describes various types and styles of buildings that can be constructed for different purposes and occasions. It also explains the principles and methods of construction and design that should be followed to ensure quality, durability, beauty, and suitability. It also discusses the aesthetic and symbolic aspects of architecture that convey meaning and emotion.
The text classifies buildings into three categories: Devalaya (temples), Prasada (palaces), and Griha (houses). It further subdivides them into different types according to their shape, size, orientation, number of stories, number of pillars, etc. For example, it mentions 64 types of temples, 16 types of palaces, and 8 types of houses. It also gives examples of famous buildings that exemplify each type.
The text also lays down the rules and guidelines for selecting a suitable site, measuring the dimensions, digging the foundations, erecting the walls, installing the doors and windows, fixing the roofs and domes, etc. It also specifies the materials, tools, techniques, workers, etc. that are required for each stage of construction. It also provides formulas and calculations for determining the proportions, angles, curves, etc. that are essential for creating a harmonious and balanced structure.
The text also pays attention to the aesthetic and symbolic aspects of architecture that enhance its appeal and significance. It describes how to decorate and adorn buildings with various elements such as sculptures, paintings, carvings, inscriptions, etc. It also explains how to use colors, shapes, patterns 71b2f0854b